Questions about typhoid fever reported by Group 4

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bkt wla naman ngpost ng questions?

why does the infectious agent attack the peyer's patches and not other organs on its way to the small intestine like the stomach, esophagus, etc.?

why does a person with t.fever experience abdominal pain and diarrhea?

Following ingestion, the bacteria spread from the intestine via the bloodstream to the intestinal lymph nodes, liver, and spleen via the blood where they multiply. The bacteria can't live in the stomach due to its acidic environment. Before the bacteria goes to the small intestine , it needs to survive first in the stomach.

Salmonella typhi prefers an environment such as the small intestine as it inject effector proteins into the cells of the innate immune system (macrophages and natural killer cells) though a type III protein secretion system (TTSS) which stimulate both pro and anti-inflammatory responses. Macrophage concentration is high in small intestine specifically the peyer's patches, which explains why intestinal bleeding and perforation are frequent complications.

They love it there because they can gain access to the blood stream through the lymphatic channels, thus harboring in other major organs!

-Godbless-

abdominal pain- as it attacks the S.I., it may cause perforation and bleeding --reason behind abdominal pain--damage to the mucosal lining or brush border-which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids, and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids.

Members, please write your full names after you have answered the questions and include the sources where you got the answers for reference purposes.

Good job, everybody.

xP
-niegel

[quote="dom"]Following ingestion, the bacteria spread from the intestine via the bloodstream to the intestinal lymph nodes, liver, and spleen via the blood where they multiply. The bacteria can't live in the stomach due to its acidic environment. Before the bacteria goes to the small intestine , it needs to survive first in the stomach.

Dom,

How does the salmonella survive the stomach? What mechanism does the salmonella employ to survive? From the stomach, what is the medium of transport to the large intestine, and finally the small intestine? Group 4, explain this further and a little bit clearer. I am still unsure on how to understand this particular paragraph.

And another thing, do indicate your sources.

thank you and God bless,

G. Celiz

How does the salmonella survive the stomach? What mechanism does the salmonella employ to survive?

>>>> Salmonella species are motile and produce hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen Sulfide-producing bacteria operate in the human colon.

From the stomach, what is the medium of transport to the large intestine, and finally the small intestine?

>>>> A rarer form of salmonella called typhoidal salmonella can lead to typhoid fever. It is only carried by humans and is usually contracted through direct contact with the fecal matter of an infected person. Careless food handling practices can give bacteria a chance to multiply. The bacteria will perforate through the intestinal wall and are phagocytosed by macrophages. Salmonella Typhi then alters its structure to resist destruction and allow them to exist within the macrophage. This renders them resistant to damage by PMN's, complement and the immune response. The organism is then spread via the lymphatics while inside the macrophages. This gives them access to the reticuloendothelial system and then to the different organs throughout the body.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonellosis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoid_fever#Resistance
http://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/health/foodsafety/az1094.html