Questions about Dengue reported by group 2

Classmates. D2 nio po ipost lahat ng question nio about sa report namin sa dengue..
-leader ng grup 2-

Q> being sick with a strain of dengue protects you from the same strain in the next exposure?

question: are there vaccines for dengue?

Uhm... ano ba magandang tanong?

isip muna ako ah.. =)
-niegel

haha... ang korny nito.. pero sige, yan tanong ko...

what is the pathognomonic sign of dengue?

i don't know kung nadiscuss nyo to sa report nyo., mga approximiately ilang petechiae ang makikita sa tourniquest test? could you tell us more about torniquet test?

is the tourniquet test still advisable if it causes damage to the blood vessels due to pressure?

kindly explain more about the classifications of dengue according to severity? wla kasing explanation eh.. Grade 1 - 4 lng nklgay?

What's the platelet value to be consider that you have dengue fever? or In you ppt. the majority of the victims of dengue were male what's the explanation behind this?

Thrombocytopenia (<100,000 platelets per mm³ or estimated as less than 3 platelets per high power field)

There is no commercially available vaccine for the dengue flavivirus. However, one of the many ongoing vaccine development programs is the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative which was set up in 2003 with the aim of accelerating the development and introduction of dengue vaccine(s) that are affordable and accessible to poor children in endemic countries.[13] Thai researchers are testing a dengue fever vaccine on 3,000–5,000 human volunteers after having successfully conducted tests on animals and a small group of human volunteers.[

The test is positive if there are more than 20 petechiae per square inch (a petechia is a small red or purple spot on the body, caused by a minor hemorrhage).

For Nigel

Avoid mosquito bites when traveling in tropical areas:
Use mosquito repellents on skin and clothing.
Avoid heavily populated residential areas.
When indoors, stay in air-conditioned or screened areas. Use bednets if sleeping areas are not screened or air-conditioned.
If you have symptoms of dengue, report your travel history to your doctor.

Eliminate mosquito breeding sites in areas where dengue might occur:
Eliminate mosquito breeding sites around homes. Discard items that can collect rain or run-off water, especially old tires.
Regularly change the water in outdoor bird baths and pet and animal water containers.

mhira wrote:question: are there vaccines for dengue?

Vaccine development for dengue and DHF is difficult because any of four different viruses may cause disease, and because protection against only one or two dengue viruses could actually increase the risk of more serious disease. Nonetheless, progress is gradually being made in the development of vaccines that may protect against all four dengue viruses. Such products could be commercially available within several years.

Source: WHO Press Releases, Fact Sheets and Features http://www.who.ch

joan wrote:what is the pathognomonic sign of dengue?

>Dengue fever is a severe, flu-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults but rarely causes death. The clinical features of dengue fever vary according to the age of the patient. Infants and young children may have a non-specific febrile illness with rash. Older children and adults may have either a mild febrile syndrome or the classical incapacitating disease with abrupt onset and high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, muscle and joint pains, and rash. Dengue haemorrhagic fever is a potentially deadly complication that is characterized by high fever, haemorrhagic phenomena—often with enlargement of the liver—and in severe cases, circulatory failure. The illness commonly begins with a sudden rise in temperature accompanied by facial flush and other non-specific constitutional symptoms of dengue fever. The fever usually continues for 2-7 days and can be as high as 40-41° C, possibly with febrile convulsions and haemorrhagic phenomena. In moderate DHF cases, all signs and symptoms abate after the fever subsides. In severe cases, the patient's condition may suddenly deteriorate after a few days of fever; the temperature drops, followed by signs of circulatory failure, and the patient may rapidly go into a critical state of shock and die within 12-24 hours, or quickly recover following appropriate volume replacement therapy.

>Primary Infection acute febrile illness of sudden onset fever lasting 3 to 5 days headache, myalgia, arthralgia or muscular pain, retro-orbital pain, anorexia fine mculopapular rash on extremities recovery may be associated with fatigue and depression chidren usually have milder disease than adults


>Hemorrhagic symptoms

Bleeding, particularly in skin (petichiae), occaisionally in gunms and nose increased vascular permeability, resulting in leakage of plasma into extravascular spaces and which leads to hypovolaemia haemorrhagic symptoms reduced blood pressure vascular changes and coagulopathy circulatory shock vomiting and abdominal pain lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly may occur presence of blood in stools, vomitus, urine

joan wrote:i don't know kung nadiscuss nyo to sa report nyo., mga approximiately ilang petechiae ang makikita sa tourniquest test? could you tell us more about torniquet test?

A positive tourniquet test (more than 20 petechiae in a square patch of skin 2.5 x 2.5 cm [greater than 20/in(2)]) may be found in over one-third of patients with DF (Rigau-Perez et al., 1998).

Congratulations, sec D, for posting questions that are quite challenging and interesting. Indeed, vaccine administration is a very important measure for prevention of dengue occurrence. Here in the philippines, are there institutions that are currently developing vaccines? if there are, what is the current status? when could we expect a vaccine?

bino wrote:Q> being sick with a strain of dengue protects you from the same strain in the next exposure?

Good news is that being exposed to either DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, or DENV4 of Dengue can protect you from the same strain in the next exposure. Primary infection with any of the four DV serotypes typically results in dengue fever (DF), a relatively mild influenza-like illness which subsequently provides lifelong immunity to the infecting strain.

However, the bad news is that secondary infection with different DV serotype cannot be avoided and is associated with an increased risk of developing more serious conditions such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and the life-threatening dengue shock syndrome (DSS).

Sources:
Dengue Fever – Information Sheet. "Dengue & DHF: Information for Health Care Practitioners". Dengue Fever. CDC Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID) (2007-10-22).

Rothman AL (2004). "Dengue: defining protective versus pathologic immunity". J. Clin. Invest. 113 (7): 946–51.

Michael Bermudez
Group 2

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Go Group Twooot!

Admin wrote:Congratulations, sec D, for posting questions that are quite challenging and interesting. Indeed, vaccine administration is a very important measure for prevention of dengue occurrence. Here in the philippines, are there institutions that are currently developing vaccines? if there are, what is the current status? when could we expect a vaccine?

There is still NO dengue vaccine or drug available - vaccine candidates are still in phase I and phase II testing and the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI) started in 2003 are still working. Ribavirin and mycophenolic acid treatments are likewise in the testing phase and are not yet commercially available.

Admin wrote:Congratulations, sec D, for posting questions that are quite challenging and interesting. Indeed, vaccine administration is a very important measure for prevention of dengue occurrence. Here in the philippines, are there institutions that are currently developing vaccines? if there are, what is the current status? when could we expect a vaccine?

According to our research:
A vaccine has been developed to prevent dengue fever but it is still under trial. It is not yet available in the market. (http://www.healthypinoy.com/health/articles/dengue.html)
DEPARTMENT of Health Central Visayas Regional Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit is hoping for a field testing of GlaxoSmithKline and SanofiPasteur dengue vaccine candidates here in the Philippines.(http://www.sunstar.com.ph/static/ceb/2007/09/17/life/pharmaceutical.companies.to.test.dengue.vaccines.html)


A Dengue Vaccine was prepared from Macacus Philippinensis. A vaccine prepared from the liver and spleen of monkeys dying of yellow fever has been used by Hindle (1) and Aragao (2) with encouraging results. The marked similarity between yellow fever and dengue suggested that a vaccine similarly prepared from the liver and spleen of dengue infected monkeys might afford some protection against dengue infection.

It has been shown recently that Macacus philippinensis obtained from dengue free regions of the Philippine Islands, are susceptible to dengue and that the virus is present in the blood of the infected monkeys sometime between the third and ninth days following the application of infected mosquitoes (3). The experimental results given in this report show that the virus was present in one monkey on the sixth and in another on the seventh day following the feeding on them of dengue infected Aedes aegypti. (http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/s1-11/5/325)

If we carry the plan through to 2015, we shall have contributed to the prevention of about 10 million premature deaths in the Region. This year, the Philippines continues to face another challenging year for dengue, with cases still consistently high compared with last year since January 2008. With dengue changing face as a year-round public health threat, we have already launched a massive pre-emptive strike against the virus since the start of the year. With a dengue vaccine still in the pipeline, we continue to count on preventive tools using enhanced surveillance, integrated vector management, and source reduction at the community level. (http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/63E4B933-8B34-47E2-82F5-0D337130BD3B/0/SR2.pdf)
W O R L D H E A L T H O R G A N I Z A T I O N

*Happy Holidays *

From Group 2:)
c/o Rigel Doctore

aya wrote:For Nigel

Avoid mosquito bites when traveling in tropical areas:
Use mosquito repellents on skin and clothing.
Avoid heavily populated residential areas.
When indoors, stay in air-conditioned or screened areas. Use bednets if sleeping areas are not screened or air-conditioned.
If you have symptoms of dengue, report your travel history to your doctor.

Eliminate mosquito breeding sites in areas where dengue might occur:
Eliminate mosquito breeding sites around homes. Discard items that can collect rain or run-off water, especially old tires.
Regularly change the water in outdoor bird baths and pet and animal water containers.

HAHA! HI AYA!!!

Nice one Tsuruya!! Great answer!

Go Group Twoot!

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